Christopher Ulrich
Vice President, Mortgage Lending
You should be mindful of your credit profile throughout the entire process of purchasing a home.
Buying a home can be overwhelming for first-time buyers. Lenders will ask you many questions and have you provide documentation to support your application before granting you a loan. And of course, they will require a credit check.
I am often asked if we pull credit more than once. The answer is yes. Keep in mind that within a 45-day window, multiple credit checks from mortgage lenders only affects your credit rating as if it were a single pull. This is regulated by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau – Read more here. Credit is pulled at least once at the beginning of the approval process, and then again just prior to closing. Sometimes it’s pulled in the middle if necessary, so it’s important that you be conscious of your credit and the things that may impact your scores and approvability throughout the entire process.
Initial credit check for pre-approval
The first thing I encourage any potential buyer to do is to get pre-approved. Many realtors may not even begin to show you homes until you’ve taken this first step. You can apply for pre-approval online, face-to-face or over the phone. Lenders want to know details such as history of your residence, employment and income, account balances, debt payments, confirmation of any foreclosures or bankruptcies in the last seven years and sourcing of a down payment. They will need your full legal name, date of birth and Social Security number as well so they can pull credit.
Once you find a home within budget and make an offer, additional or updated documentation may be required. Underwriters then analyze the risk of offering you a loan based on the information in your application, credit history and the property’s value.
Credit check during the loan process – maybe
Depending on how long it takes from your pre-approval until finding a home, contracting and then closing, a lot of time could pass. As determined by Fannie Mae guidelines, credit reports are only good for 120 days, so if you get pre-approved then find a home a few months later, your report may expire during the process and need to be re-pulled. Other reasons to re-pull might be to if you cleaned up some debt, removed disputes or had erroneous items removed that could impact your interest rate.
Final credit check before closing
Depending on how recent your initial credit report was pulled and how long your contracted closing date is, a lot of time can pass from the start of the process thru the date of your closing. Since your credit report is simply a snapshot of your credit profile, it’s understandable that things can change and new credit incidents may occur on your history. Lenders pull credit just prior to closing to verify you haven’t acquired any new credit card debts, car loans, etc. Also, if there are any new credit inquiries, we’ll need verify what new debt, if any, resulted from the inquiry. This can affect your debt-to-income ratio, which can also affect your loan eligibility.
This is known as a soft pull. We don’t actually generate new credit scores, and it will not show up as a hard pull on your credit record. If the final credit check results match the first, or if your debts have decreased, closing should occur on schedule. If the new report has increased debt, the lender may ask you to provide more documentation and send your application back through underwriting to make sure you still qualify.
It’s important for buyers to be aware that lenders run this final credit check before closing. If you ever need to open a new credit card or make a major purchase before your loan closes, be sure to contact your lender first to make sure the new debt doesn’t affect your approvability or your closing date.
If you have any questions, contact me here or at 708-531-8324. For more questions we can answer about the mortgage process, check out our Homebuyer FAQ page.
FAQs
Since hard inquiries affect your credit score and what is found may even affect approval, you might be wondering: How many inquiries is too many? The answer differs from lender to lender, but most consider six total inquiries on a report at one time to be too many to gain approval for an additional credit card or loan.
Is 2 hard inquiries bad? ›
Each hard inquiry can cause your credit score to drop by a few points. There's no such thing as “too many” hard inquiries, but multiple credit inquiries within a short window of time can suggest that you might be a risky borrower.
How many times do lenders pull credit? ›
A question many buyers have is whether a lender pulls your credit more than once during the purchase process. The answer is yes. Lenders pull borrowers' credit at the beginning of the approval process, and then again just prior to closing.
How often should you pull your credit report? ›
Credit reports are readily available – often for free – from all three major credit reporting bureaus, so there's no reason not to review them at least once a year. Doing so can help you catch errors you can correct or identify signs of fraud.
Is 3 hard inquiries too much? ›
However, multiple hard inquiries can deplete your score by as much as 10 points each time they happen. People with six or more recent hard inquiries are eight times as likely to file for bankruptcy than those with none. That's way more inquiries than most of us need to find a good deal on a car loan or credit card.
Is 6 hard inquiries bad? ›
In general, six or more hard inquiries are often seen as too many. Based on the data, this number corresponds to being eight times more likely than average to declare bankruptcy. This heightened credit risk can damage a person's credit options and lower one's credit score.
How to get 800 credit score? ›
Making on-time payments to creditors, keeping your credit utilization low, having a long credit history, maintaining a good mix of credit types, and occasionally applying for new credit lines are the factors that can get you into the 800 credit score club.
How long should I wait between hard inquiries? ›
Lenders typically perform a hard inquiry on your credit if you're applying for a mortgage, auto loan, credit card or student loan. Space out your credit applications — about every six months — to avoid major damage to your score.
How many hard inquiries is OK? ›
Lenders and credit scoring models consider how many hard inquiries you have on your credit reports because applications for new credit increase the risk a borrower poses. One or two hard inquiries accrued during the normal course of applying for loans or credit cards can have an almost negligible effect on your credit.
How many hard pulls are too many? ›
For many lenders, six inquiries are too many to be approved for a loan or bank card. Even if you have multiple hard inquiries on your report in a short period, you may not see negative consequences if you're shopping for a specific type of loan.
If you're shopping for a new auto or mortgage loan or a new utility provider, the multiple inquiries are generally counted as one inquiry for a given period of time. The period of time may vary depending on the credit scoring model used, but it's typically from 14 to 45 days.
How to remove hard inquiries in 15 minutes? ›
If you identify an unauthorized hard inquiry, here's a detailed approach on how to remove hard inquiries in 15 minutes:
- Dispute with the Credit Bureau: Initiate a dispute online or via mail. ...
- Contact the Creditor: Engage with the lender or creditor responsible for the inquiry. ...
- Safeguard Your Credit:
The length of time it will take to improve your credit scores depends on your unique financial situation, but you may see a change as soon as 30 to 45 days after you have taken steps to positively impact your credit reports.
What is the most popular credit score? ›
FICO scores are generally known to be the most widely used by lenders. But the credit-scoring model used may vary by lender. While FICO Score 8 is the most common, mortgage lenders might use FICO Score 2, 4 or 5. Auto lenders often use one of the FICO Auto Scores.
Should I check all 3 credit reports at once? ›
The answer depends on you. If you are thinking about buying something big soon a new car or even a home you may want to get all of your credit reports now. That way you can correct any mistakes on all of them right away. If you are not planning a big purchase, requesting them over time might be a better choice.
Do multiple hard inquiries hurt your credit? ›
Highlights: When a lender or company requests to review your credit reports after you've applied for credit, it results in a hard inquiry. Hard inquiries usually impact credit scores. Multiple hard inquiries within a certain time period for a home or auto loan are generally counted as one inquiry.
Can multiple lenders pull my credit? ›
Within a 45-day window, multiple credit checks from mortgage lenders are recorded on your credit report as a single inquiry. This is because other lenders realize that you are only going to buy one home. You can shop around and get multiple preapprovals and official Loan Estimates.
